Low Falling Number (FN) remains a challenge for wheat farmers across the Pacific Northwest because it can affect grain quality and market value. Traditionally, low FN has been linked to conditions such as preharvest sprouting (PHS) or late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA). However, new research is showing that low FN can sometimes occur for different reasons, making it even more important to have better ways to identify and manage the problem.
Faster Testing for Better Decisions
To help farmers and the grain industry respond more quickly, researchers at Washington State University, working with EnviroLogix and industry partners, have developed a rapid Falling Number prediction test. Using a simple test strip and digital reader, this new tool measures alpha-amylase enzyme activity in grain and delivers results much faster and at a lower cost than the traditional FN test.
The technology is already being used by grain elevators and mills in Washington, California, Illinois, Michigan, and several international locations, helping farmers, grain handlers, and breeders make timely decisions about grain quality.
New Research Reveals a Different Cause of Low Falling Number
Recent research by Washington State University and USDA-ARS identified a new phenomenon in some 2024 soft white wheat samples: grain with a low Falling Number but without elevated enzyme activity. Researchers named this phenomenon NAIL, which stands for Non-Alpha-Amylase-Induced Low Falling Number.
This discovery helps explain why some wheat samples receive low FN results even when the usual cause, alpha-amylase, is not present.
What You Need to Know About NAIL
- NAIL does not produce visible symptoms in the field or in harvested grain.
- Low grain protein levels may be an indicator of NAIL.
- NAIL-related low protein is not linked to poor soil fertility.
- Current research suggests NAIL is triggered by stress early in grain development.
- Wheat affected by NAIL can still produce acceptable baked products, including sponge cakes.
Key Takeaways
- Choose varieties carefully. Some wheat varieties are more susceptible to Falling Number issues than others.
- Watch weather conditions. Grain fill and the period leading up to harvest are critical times when quality problems are most likely to develop.
- Test grain early. Early testing can help identify quality concerns and support better marketing decisions.
- Keep lots separate when possible. Segregating affected grain from sound grain can help preserve quality and reduce economic losses.
Bottom line: New testing tools and emerging research are improving our understanding of Falling Number issues and providing farmers with better information to protect grain quality and market opportunities.
Contributed by Dr. Amber Hauvermale and Dr. Alison Thompson